A privação de sono geralmente suprime a liberação de GH, particularmente após o início da idade adulta. Efeitos do hormônio de crescimento-GH nos tecidos do corpo podem ser geralmente descritos como anabólicos esta palavra não possui uma conotação negativa, pois significa (criação) o que é maléfico é a mistura com substâncias equivocadas. Como a maioria dos outros hormônios protêicos, o GH atua através da interação com um determinado receptor na superfície das células. O aumento da altura durante a infância e a juventude é o efeito mais conhecido do GH. A altura parece ser estimulada por pelo menos dois mecanismos:
*Os hormônios polipeptídicos não são de gordura solúvel , eles não podem penetrar as membranas celulares. Assim, o GH exerce alguns dos seus efeitos por ligação a receptores em células alvo, onde ativa a via MAPK/ERK. Por meio deste mecanismo o GH estimula diretamente a divisão e a multiplicação de condrócitos da cartilagem de crescimento.
*O GH estimula também, através da via de sinalização de JAK-STAT, a produção de fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina I (IGF-I, anteriormente conhecido como somatomedina C), um hormônio homólogo a pró-insulina. O fígado é um dos principais o órgão alvo de GH para este processo e é o principal local de produção do IGF-I. O IGF-I tem efeitos estimulantes de crescimento em uma ampla variedade de tecidos. O IGF-I adicional é gerado no interior de tecidos-alvo, tornando-o o que parece ser tanto um sistema endócrino e um autócrino/parácrino do hormônio. O IGF-I também tem efeitos estimulantes sobre a atividade dos osteoblastos e condrócitos para promover o crescimento ósseo.
*Além de aumentar a altura em criança, infantil, juvenil e adolescente o hormônio de crescimento tem muitos outros efeitos sobre o corpo:
-Aumenta a retenção do cálcio fortalecendo e aumentando a mineralização do osso;
-Aumenta a massa muscular através da hipertrofia do sarcômero;
-Promove a lipólise;
-Aumenta a síntese de proteínas;
-Estimula o crescimento de todos os órgãos internos excluindo o cérebro embora tenha se observado que existem funções significativas sobre a cognição;
-Desempenha um papel na homeostase;
-Reduz a absorção de glicose do fígado;
-Promove a gliconeogênese no fígado;
-Contribui para a manutenção e funcionamento de ilhotas pancreáticas - Ilhotas de Langherans que são um grupo especial de células do pâncreas que produzem insulina e glucagon, substâncias que agem como importantes reguladores do metabolismo de açúcar. No pâncreas humano existem entre 1 a 2 milhões de ilhotas de Langherans, com cerca de 0,3 mm de diâmetro organizadas ao redor de pequenos capilares. Nomeadas em homenagem a Paul Langherans, o cientista alemão que as descobriu em 1869, essas células se dispõem em aglomerados (clusters) no pâncreas. Elas fazem e secretam estes hormônios que ajudam o corpo a quebrar e usar o alimento;
-Estimula o sistema imunológico;
-Aumenta deiodinação de T4 em T3.
LINEAR LOW HEIGHT A TORMENT FOR HUMAN CARRIERS; PRIMARY FUNCTION IS TO PROMOTE THE GH LINEAR GROWTH.
YOUR BASIC METABOLIC EFFECTS THAT USED TO ACHIEVE RESULTS, BUT MOST OF THE EFFECTS THAT PROMOTE GROWTH IN CHILD, JUVENILE AND YOUTH ARE MEDIATED BY INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I (IGF-I): PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY-NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY-GENETICS-ENDOCRINE-PEDIATRICS (SUBDIVISION OF ENDOCRINOLOGY): DR. JOÃO SANTOS CAIO JR. ET DRA. HENRIQUETA VERLANGIERI CAIO.
Child and juvenile growth; the secretion of growth hormone (GH) in the pituitary is regulated by neurosecretory nuclei of the hypothalamus.
These cells release a growth hormone releasing peptide-hormone (GHRH or somatocrinin) and how inhibitor of growth hormone (somatostatin or GHIH) venous blood distribution system Pituitary Portal that located around the pituitary. GH release in the pituitary is mainly determined by the balance of these two peptides, which in turn is affected by many physiological stimulators (e.g., exercise, nutrition, sleep) and inhibitors (e.g., free fatty acids) of GH secretion. Somatotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland then synthesizing and secreting GH in a pulsatile manner in response to these stimuli by the hypothalamus. The larger and more predictable these GH peaks occurs about one hour after the onset of sleep with plasma levels of 13-72 ng/mL. Otherwise, there is a wide variation between days and individuals. About 50% of GH secretion occurs during the third and fourth stage NREM sleep. Outbreaks the secretion during day three peaks occur at intervals of 5 hours. The plasma concentration of GH during these peaks may even vary from 5 to 45 ng/ml. Among the peaks, basal GH levels are low, generally below 5 ng/ml for most of the day and night, with sleep be dependent on the frequency in the order of 80% of the GH release pulse is performed in with intervals of 15 minutes apart. Further analysis of the pulsatile profile of GH described in all cases less than 1 ng/ml to baseline levels while the maximum peaks were situated around 10-20 ng/ml. Therefore, children, infant and youth should have a restful sleep around 8 hours during the night and if possible a little nap in the afternoon. A number of factors are known to affect GH secretion, such as age, sex, diet, exercise, stress and other hormones. Young adolescents secrete GH at a rate of about 700 mg/day, while healthy adults secrete GH rate of about 400 mg/day. Sleep deprivation often suppresses the release of GH, particularly after early adulthood.
Effects of growth hormone-GH in tissues of the body can generally be described as anabolic this word does not have a negative connotation because it means (creation) what is evil is wrong with mixing substances. Like most other protein hormones, GH acts by interacting with a specific receptor on the cell surface. Increased height during childhood and youth is the best known effect of GH. Height appears to be stimulated by at least two mechanisms:
*Because polypeptide hormones are not fat-soluble, they cannot penetrate cell membranes. Thus, GH exerts some of its effects by binding to receptors, which activates the MAPK/ERK target cells. Through this mechanism GH directly stimulates division and proliferation of chondrocytes of cartilage.
*GH stimulates also by means of JAK-STAT signaling, the production of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I, formerly known as somatomedin C) a hormone homologous to proinsulin. The liver is a major target organ of GH for this process and is the main site of production of IGF-I. IGF-I has growth stimulatory effects in a variety of tissues. Further IGF-I is generated within target tissues, making what appears to be both an endocrine and autocrine/paracrine hormone. IGF-I also has stimulatory effects on osteoblast and chondrocyte activity to promote bone growth.
*In addition to increasing height in juvenile, infant, child and adolescent, growth hormone has many other effects on the body:
-Calcium retention increases and strengthens and improves bone mineralization;
-Increases muscle mass through sarcomere hypertrophy;
-Promotes lipolysis;
-Increases Protein Synthesis;
-Stimulates the growth of all internal organs excluding the brain although it has been observed that there are significant functions on cognition;
-Plays a role in the homeostasis;
-Reduces absorption of glucose from the liver;
-Promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver;
-Contributes to the maintenance and operation of pancreatic islets - Islets of Langerhans are a special group of cells in the pancreas that produce insulin and glucagon, substances that act as important regulators of sugar metabolism. In human pancreatic there are between 1 and 2 million islets of Langerhans, with about 0.3 mm diameter arranged around small capillaries.
Named in honor of Paul Langerhans, the German scientist who discovered them in 1869, these cells are arranged in clusters (clusters) in the pancreas. They make and secrete these hormones that help the body break down and use food;
-Stimulates the immune system;
-Increases deiodination of T4 to T3.
Dr. João Santos Caio Jr.
Endocrinologia – Neuroendocrinologista
CRM 20611
Dra. Henriqueta V. Caio
Endocrinologista – Medicina Interna
CRM 28930
Como saber mais:
1. Em crianças, o hipotireoidismo leva a atrasos no crescimento e desenvolvimento intelectual, podendo induzir a baixa estatura longitudinal ou linear, além de no caso de defasagem de idade mental em comparação com a idade cronológica é chamado cretinismo em casos graves...
http://hormoniocrescimentoadultos.blogspot.com
2. O hipotireoidismo central tem características peculiares importantes, o hipotireoidismo central é definido como o hipotireoidismo devido à estimulação insuficiente da glândula tireóide pelo TSH. Tem uma prevalência estimada de cerca de 1 para 80.000 a 1 para 120.000...
http://longevidadefutura.blogspot.com
3. O diagnóstico é estabelecido pela presença de níveis de TSH normal ou abaixo do normal, em geral hormônios secretados pela tireóide com níveis abaixo do normal, confirmadas pelo teste de estimulação do hormônio de liberação TSH...
http://imcobesidade.blogspot.com
AUTORIZADO O USO DOS DIREITOS AUTORAIS COM CITAÇÃO
DOS AUTORES PROSPECTIVOS ET REFERÊNCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA.
Referências Bibliográficas:
Caio Jr, João Santos, Dr.; Endocrinologista, Neuroendocrinologista, Caio,H. V., Dra. Endocrinologista, Medicina Interna – Van Der Häägen Brazil, São Paulo, Brasil; Bustamante JJ, Gonzalez L, Carroll CA, Weintraub ST, Aguilar RM, Muñoz J, Martinez AO, Haro LS (July 2009). "O-Glycosylated 24-kDa human growth hormone (hGH) has a mucin-like biantennary disialylated tetrasaccharide attached at Thr-60". Proteomics 9(13): 3474–88. doi:10.1002/pmic.200800989. PMC 2904392. PMID 19579232; Bartholomew EF, Martini F, Nath JL (2009). Fundamentals of anatomy & physiology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc. pp. 616–617. ISBN 0-321-53910-9; Takahashi Y, Kipnis D, Daughaday W (1968). "Growth hormone secretion during sleep". J Clin Invest 47 (9): 2079–90. doi:10.1172/JCI105893. PMC 297368.PMID 5675428; Mehta A, Hindmarsh PC (2002). "The use of somatropin (recombinant growth hormone) in children of short stature". Paediatr Drugs 4 (1): 37–47. doi:10.2165/00128072-200204010-00005. PMID 11817985; Natelson BH, Holaday J, Meyerhoff J, Stokes PE (August 1975). "Temporal changes in growth hormone, cortisol, and glucose: relation to light onset and behavior". Am. J. Physiol. 229 (2): 409–15. PMID 808970; Nindl BC, Hymer WC, Deaver DR, Kraemer WJ (July 2001). "Growth hormone pulsatility profile characteristics following acute heavy resistance exercise". J. Appl. Physiol. 91 (1): 163–72. PMID 11408427; A, Jørgensen JO, Christiansen JS, Müller J, Skakkeboek NE (1995). "Metabolic effects of GH: a rationale for continued GH treatment of GH-deficient adults after cessation of linear growth". Horm. Res. 44 Suppl 3 (3): 64–72. doi:10.1159/000184676. PMID 8719443; Gardner DG, Shoback D (2007). Greenspan's Basic and Clinical Endocrinology (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 193–201. ISBN 0-07-144011-9; Mullington J, Hermann D, Holsboer F, Pollmächer T (September 1996). "Age-dependent suppression of nocturnal growth hormone levels during sleep; Lin-Su K, Wajnrajch MP (December 2002). "Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and the GHRH Receptor". Rev Endocr Metab Disord 3 (4): 313–23.doi: 10.1023/ A:1020949507265.PMID 12424433.
Site Van Der Häägen Brazil
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www.clinicavanderhaagen.com.br
www.crescimentoinfoco.com
www.obesidadeinfoco.com.br
http://drcaiojr.site.med.br
http://dracaio.site.med.br
João Santos Caio Jr
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Referências Bibliográficas:
Caio Jr, João Santos, Dr.; Endocrinologista, Neuroendocrinologista, Caio,H. V., Dra. Endocrinologista, Medicina Interna – Van Der Häägen Brazil, São Paulo, Brasil; Bustamante JJ, Gonzalez L, Carroll CA, Weintraub ST, Aguilar RM, Muñoz J, Martinez AO, Haro LS (July 2009). "O-Glycosylated 24-kDa human growth hormone (hGH) has a mucin-like biantennary disialylated tetrasaccharide attached at Thr-60". Proteomics 9(13): 3474–88. doi:10.1002/pmic.200800989. PMC 2904392. PMID 19579232; Bartholomew EF, Martini F, Nath JL (2009). Fundamentals of anatomy & physiology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc. pp. 616–617. ISBN 0-321-53910-9; Takahashi Y, Kipnis D, Daughaday W (1968). "Growth hormone secretion during sleep". J Clin Invest 47 (9): 2079–90. doi:10.1172/JCI105893. PMC 297368.PMID 5675428; Mehta A, Hindmarsh PC (2002). "The use of somatropin (recombinant growth hormone) in children of short stature". Paediatr Drugs 4 (1): 37–47. doi:10.2165/00128072-200204010-00005. PMID 11817985; Natelson BH, Holaday J, Meyerhoff J, Stokes PE (August 1975). "Temporal changes in growth hormone, cortisol, and glucose: relation to light onset and behavior". Am. J. Physiol. 229 (2): 409–15. PMID 808970; Nindl BC, Hymer WC, Deaver DR, Kraemer WJ (July 2001). "Growth hormone pulsatility profile characteristics following acute heavy resistance exercise". J. Appl. Physiol. 91 (1): 163–72. PMID 11408427; A, Jørgensen JO, Christiansen JS, Müller J, Skakkeboek NE (1995). "Metabolic effects of GH: a rationale for continued GH treatment of GH-deficient adults after cessation of linear growth". Horm. Res. 44 Suppl 3 (3): 64–72. doi:10.1159/000184676. PMID 8719443; Gardner DG, Shoback D (2007). Greenspan's Basic and Clinical Endocrinology (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. pp. 193–201. ISBN 0-07-144011-9; Mullington J, Hermann D, Holsboer F, Pollmächer T (September 1996). "Age-dependent suppression of nocturnal growth hormone levels during sleep; Lin-Su K, Wajnrajch MP (December 2002). "Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and the GHRH Receptor". Rev Endocr Metab Disord 3 (4): 313–23.doi: 10.1023/ A:1020949507265.PMID 12424433.
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Site Van Der Häägen Brazil
www.vanderhaagenbrazil.com.br
www.clinicavanderhaagen.com.br
www.crescimentoinfoco.com
www.obesidadeinfoco.com.br
http://drcaiojr.site.med.br
http://dracaio.site.med.br
João Santos Caio Jr
http://google.com/+JoaoSantosCaioJr
Vídeo
http://youtu.be/woonaiFJQwY
Google Maps:
http://maps.google.com.br/maps/place?cid=5099901339000351730&q=Van+Der+Haagen+Brasil&hl=pt&sll=-23.578256,46.645653&sspn=0.005074,0.009645&ie=UTF8&ll=-23.575591,-46.650481&spn=0,0&t = h&z=17